A Readers Guide to Lesser-Known LGBT Favorites

A Reader’s Guide to Lesser-Known LGBT Favorites Currently based out of Vancouver, British Columbia, Rachel  Rosenberg is a library technician and published writer; at 14, a short story of hers appeared in Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul 2 and she can therefore be considered a literary equivalent to the little redheaded girl from 1982’s film adaptation of Annie. She has produced freelance articles, creative nonfiction essays and short stories. I’m very excited that Andrew Sean Greer’s Less recently won The Pulitzer Prize. The novel’s win surprised me because the book can basically be described as a queer romantic comedy, and Pulitzer winning books bring to mind books like Jeffrey Eugenides’s Middlesex or Toni Morrison’s Beloved. Large, physically heavy books about important social issues. I finished Less in two days and loved it enough to recommend to everyone I know via social media. It’s a fun, romantic, sometimes sad romp that takes our narrator, Arthur Less, across the world and back again. It brings up interesting points about writing, aging, and love. Maybe after you finish reading Less you’ll want some more wonderful LGBT reads? Here are some recommendations of books to help you feel the Arthur Lessâ€"shaped hole in your queer little heart. The Object of My Affection by Stephen McCauley Made into a cute movie staring Jennifer Aniston and Paul Rudd, the book is a total delight. The plot is that George and Nina are best buds living together when Nina suddenly gets pregnant. She breaks up with her overbearing boyfriend and asks George to raise the child with her; George, who is gay, assumed that he’d never have a child and is happy to take on this opportunity to find some more love. And then, complications ensue. A sweet, light novel with great characters that tells a warm and witty story about finding your own way to make a family. Stir Fry by Emma Donoghue Maria is 17 and has moved to Dublin for university. While looking for an apartment, she comes across an ad that states “2 ? seek flatmate. No bigots. Turns out the roommates are a lesbian couple, a fact that she realizes only after moving in with them. Ahh, youth. The story definitely falls under coming-of-age, as she struggles with to make sense of the lesbian relationship  (Dublin in the 90s was not a big place for diversity). It’s a well-written, cozy read. Girl Meets Boy by Ali Smith A modernized retelling of Ovid’s myth of Iphis: a woman disguises her daughter as a man, leading to the daughter eventually transforming into a man. Ali Smith sets her tale in Glasgow and London, as it alternates between sisters Imogen and Anthea. Anthea falls in love with a woman, while Imogen tries to understand her sister’s new relationship while also fighting her own battles with self-esteem. If you’ve read Smith before and found her too experimental, this is probably one of her more accessible reads but, make no mistake, her brilliant wordplay still fills the pages. The World Unseen by Shamim Sharif There was a movie of this one, too! A gorgeously written book about two Indian women living in South Africa; Marim is a stay-at-home mother, while Amina is a nonconformist who has started up a cafe with a black man, Jacob. The two women fall in love despite the fact that it is the 50s and Apartheid is still very much going on, and I appreciate the gradual way that their relationship blossoms. The stakes are high, which makes the romance even foxier, and I like that the novel shows how racism affects Jacob and other characters at well, foregoing focussing exclusively Amina and Marim. A really wonderful read that I won’t soon forgot.   Hello Darling, Are You Working? By Rupert Everett Did you know what actor Rupert Everett wrote novels? Well, if you don’t, I’m happy to tell you about this one. Everett brings us along on the madcap hijinks of a struggling ex-soap opera star named Rhys Waveral. Newly broke and between roles, Rhys realizes that he’s on the verge of being expelled from his hotel suite home and that he has to find a new way to make money. Enter: male hustling. The novel is fast-paced and glib, full of glamorous parties and reckless drug use. It was published in 1994 and I probably read it a few years after that, and the damn thing has stayed with me since. A weird, silly read. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Sickle-Cell Disease (SCD) or Sickle Cell Anemia - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2382 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Essay any type Level High school Did you like this example? Sickle-cell disease Sickle cell disease (SCD), or sickle cell anemia, is a group of genetic conditions, resulting from the inheritance of a mutated form of the gene coding for the ? globulin chain of the hemoglobin molecule, which causes malformation of red blood cells (RBCs) in their deoxygenated state. Specifically, this single point mutation occurs at position 6 of the ? globulin chain, where a valine is substituted for glutamic acid (Ballas et al. 2012). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Sickle-Cell Disease (SCD) or Sickle Cell Anemia" essay for you Create order This abnormal hemoglobin causes a characteristic change in the RBC morphology, where it becomes abnormally rigid and sickle-like, rather than the usual biconcave disc. These cells do not flow as freely throughout the circulatory system as the normal phenotype, and can become damaged and hemolysed, resulting in vascular occlusion (Stevens and Lowe 2002). SCD is an autosomal recessive condition, thus patients with SCD will have inherited a copy of the mutated gene from each of their parents (homozygous genotype). Individuals who only inherit one copy (heterozygous genotype) are termed sickle cell (SC) carriers, who may pass on the affected gene to their children (Stevens Lowe 2002). The severity of SCD varies considerably from patient to patient, most likely as the result of environment or other unknown genetic factors (Bean et al. 2013). Patients with SCD are typically of African or African-Caribbean origin, but all ethnic groups may be affected. In 2014 the National Inst itute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) estimated that between 12,500 and 15,000 people in the UK suffer from SCD (NICE quality standard 58, 2014), with more than 350 babies born with SCD between 2007 and 2008. Patients in developed countries typically live into their 40s and 50s. However in developing countries, it is estimated that between 50% (Odame 2014) and 90% of children die by the age of 5 (Gravitz and Pincock 2014). SCD is more prevalent in the ethnic African population because SCD carriers exhibit a 10-fold reduction in severe malarial infection, which is common in many African countries and associated with significant mortality. One proposed mechanism for this is that on infection with the malarial plasmid, RBCs in SCD carriers become sickle shaped and are then removed from the circulation and destroyed. Consequently, it is genetically beneficial to be a SCD carrier, thus more SCD carriers survive to reproduction age, in turn increasing the incidence of the SCD mutat ion in the population. (Kwiatkowski 2005). SC patients experience periods of acute illness termed â€Å"crises† resulting from the two different effects of SCD; vaso-occlusion (pain, stroke and acute chest syndrome) and those from hemolysis (for example, anemia from RBC destruction and inefficient oxygen carrying capacity) (Glassberg 2011). The frequency of these may be several times a week, or less than once a year. Patients typically present with anemia, low blood oxygen levels and pyrexia (NICE quality standard 58, 2014). There are 3 classifications of crises: 1. Sequestration crisis (rapid pooling of RBCs in organs, typically the spleen, which may result in patient death from the acute reduction in available red cells for oxygen transportation). 2. Infarctive crisis (blockage of capillaries causing an infarction). 3. Aplastic crises (where the spleen is damaged from 12 which compromises RBC production (Stevens Lowe 2002). The result of these cri ses can be irreversible damage to a wide range of organs from the spleen to the retina which can cause extreme pain (Stevens Lowe 2002). However, patients not currently experiencing a crisis can also present with anemia as the result of poor oxygen transport function, loss of RBCs due to sequestration in organs such as the spleen and reduced red cell production as the result of impaired spleen function (Ballas et al. 2012). Typically, patients will initially present with an enlarged spleen in early childhood (due to pooling of malformed RBCs), which then becomes hypertrophied, ultimately resulting in a state of almost complete loss of function (autosplenectomy). Several complications of SCD are recognised, including impaired neurocognitive function, which is most likely the result of anemia or silent cerebral infarcts (Ballas et al. 2012). In the UK, SCD is usually diagnosed antenatally or in the first few weeks of life. Prenatal screening is offered to parents who may be at risk of carrying the SCD causing gene. NICE recommend that screening is offered early in pregnancy for high risk groups (ideally before 10 weeks gestation) or via a family origin questionnaire in low risk groups. Full screening can then be offered if family history is suggested. In the case of a positive test, counselling should be offered immediately, and the parents offered the option of termination of pregnancy (NICE Clinical Guideline 62, 2014). However, if screening has not occurred, SCD is one of the diseases screened for by the newborn heel prick test in the first week of life (NICE quality standard 58, 2014). In older patients or those not in countries where screening is offered, patients present with anemia or acute crisis. Histological analysis of blood samples can also reveal sickle shaped RBCs and the characteristic abnormal hemoglobin can be identified by high performance liquid chromatography or electrophoresis (Glassberg 2011). There are three approaches to treatment of SCD. The first is to manage the condition prophylactically in the hope of reducing the incidence of complications and crises. The second is to effectively manage crises, both to reduce the risk of organ damage and life threatening events, as well as control the severe pain associated with a SCD crisis. The third approach is to target the cause of the condition itself. Penicillin (de Montalembert et al. 2011) and folic acid are usually offered to patients in order to prevent complications by bacterial disease and are associated with a significant increase in survival and quality of life (NICE quality standard 58, 2014). Children are also vaccinated against pneumococcal infection. Transcranial doppler imaging of the cerebral vessels can be used to identify children at risk of stroke (de Montalembert et al. 2011). As previously discussed, SCD carriers are conferred some protection from malarial infection. Paradoxically, SCD sufferers display an increased sensit ivity to malarial infection and should also be treated with anti-malarial prophylaxis where appropriate (Oniyangi and Omari 2006). Hydroxyurea has been used in the treatment of SCD, as it appears to increase the production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF), thus reducing the proportion of abnormal hemoglobin although the exact mechanism of this is unclear (Rang et al. 1999). Suggested mechanisms include induction of HbF by nitric oxide, or by ribonucleotide inhibition. Other suggested mechanisms include the increasing of RBC water content and reduced endothelial adhesion, which reduces the incidence of infarction (Charache et al. 1995). Blood transfusion is an important tool in treating SCD, especially in children. It almost immediately improves the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen, and in the longer term as the â€Å"healthy† donor RBCs are not as destroyed as quickly as the sickle shaped RBCs, repeated transfusion is associated with a reduction in erythropoiesi s (RBC production) in the SCD patient, thus reducing the proportion of sickle shaped RBCs in circulation, which in turn reduces the risk of a crisis or stroke. Exchange transfusion is also possible, whereby abnormal sickle RBCs are removed from the circulating volume prior to transfusion with donor blood. However there are drawbacks to transfusion, namely the inherent safety risks such as immunological sensitivity, contamination of blood products with infectious disease and a lack of available donated blood (Drasar et al. 2011). The severe pain of a crisis must be controlled, most often with opioid analgesics. These are effective analgesics which act by binding to  µ, ? and ? receptors. The common approach is intravenous infusion of morphine either by continuous drip or patient controlled analgesia (PCA) pump infusion. Non-opioid drug options, including paracetamol, tramadol and corticosteroids may also be considered, but these drugs have a limit to the analgesia they can produce, whereas opioid drugs are more often limited by their side effects, such as respiratory suppression, vomiting and itching (Ballas et al. 2012). Bone marrow transplant is currently the only curative therapy for SCD. However it is dependent on locating a suitable donor with a HLA tissue match, usually from a healthy sibling. It is associated with some risks and complications including grant rejection, but generally is associated with a very positive prognosis (Maheshwari et al. 2014). As SCD is an autosomal recessive disease with one well identified causative gene, gene therapy to replace one copy of the faulty gene with a normal copy is of great interest to researchers. However this is very much still in development in humans and a 2014 review of SCD clinical trials found no trials of gene therapy as yet (Olowoyeye and Okwundu 2014) In addition to the acute effects of SCD, patients are also at risk from a number of potentially fatal consequence of SCD such as acut e splenic sequestration. In this condition, which often occurs after an acute viral or bacterial infection (classically parvovirus B19), the malformed RBCs become trapped in the sinuses of the spleen causing rapid enlargement. Patients will present with often severe abdominal pain and enlargement, pallor and weakness and potentially tachycardia and tachypnea. Patients may also suffer from hypovolemic shock from the significant reduction of available hemoglobin (acute aplastic crisis). This is managed by emergency treatment of the hypovolemia and transfusion of packed RBCs. Because the rate of recurrence for splenic sequestration is high (approximately 50%), a splenectomy may be performed after the patient has recovered from the event (NICE quality standard 58, 2014). Acute chest syndrome is also a serious complication of SCD and may be fatal. It is characterised by the occlusion of the pulmonary blood vessels during an occlusive crisis. Patients typically present with chest pain, cough and low oxygen levels (Ballas et al. 2012). It is also associated with asthma, and it is recommended that asthma in patients with SCD be carefully monitored. Treatment of acute chest syndrome is usually by antibiotics, bronchodilators if indicated and transfusion or exchange transfusion also considered (de Montalembert et al. 2011). Another consequence of rapid turnover of the abnormally shaped RBCs is the increased production of bile, which may cause hepatobiliary disease, specifically gallstones and vascular conditions of the liver. Liver pathology can result from ischemia-reperfusion injury following a crisis, endothelial dysfunction and overloading with iron as the result of the liver sequestering iron from the destroyed RBCs (Ballas et al. 2012). SCD patients are also at significant risk of ischemic stroke, resulting from a cerebral infarctive crisis, with one study suggesting that 11% of patients will suffer a stroke by 20 years of age, and 24% by 45. Chi ldren who suffer stroke may also go on to develop moya-moya syndrome, which is associated with s significant decrease in cognitive function and increased risk of further stroke (Ballas et al. 2012). SCD is a complex condition and is associated with significant challenges in treatment as it requires the use of a multi-disciplinary team to cover the wide range of its affects and significant prophylactic treatments. As discussed, the effects of these potential complications can be life threatening and have life changing consequences. An additional difficulty is that while screening, prophylactic and curative treatments are available in the developed world, they are not in the developing world where rates of the disease are in fact highest. In sub-Saharan Africa mortality is estimated to be between 50% (Odame 2014) and 90% (Gravitz Pincock 2014) yet in developed counties life expectancy ranges from 40s to 50s (Gravitz Pincock 2014). Currently, laboratory diagnosis and scree ning is prohibitively expensive in developing countries thus there is a need for the development of low cost techniques. The Gavi Vaccine Alliance also endeavors to make prophylactic treatment more available, specifically the pneumococcal vaccine. Of the therapies discussed here, hydroxyurea is likely to be the most affordable and increasing the availability of this would be of significant benefit and clinical trials have commenced in Africa in 2014 (Odame 2014). References Ballas, S.K., Kesen, M.R., Goldberg, M.F., Lutty, G.A., Dampier, C., Osunkwo, I., Wang, W.C., Hoppe, C., Hagar, W., Darbari, D.S., Malik, P. 2012. Beyond the definitions of the phenotypic complications of sickle cell disease: an update on management. ScientificWorldJournal., 2012, 949535 available from: PM:22924029 Bean, C.J., Boulet, S.L., Yang, G., Payne, A.B., Ghaji, N., Pyle, M.E., Hooper, W.C., Bhatnagar, P., Keefer, J., Barron-Casella, E.A., Casella, J.F., Debaun, M.R. 2013. Acute chest syndrome is associated with single nucleotide polymorphism-defined beta globin cluster haplotype in children with sickle cell anaemia. Br.J.Haematol., 163, (2) 268-276 available from: PM:23952145 Charache, S., Terrin, M.L., Moore, R.D., Dover, G.J., Barton, F.B., Eckert, S.V., McMahon, R.P., Bonds, D.R. 1995. Effect of hydroxyurea on the frequency of painful crises in sickle cell anemia. Investigators of the Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia. N.Engl.J.Med., 3 32, (20) 1317-1322 available from: PM:7715639 de Montalembert M., Ferster, A., Colombatti, R., Rees, D.C., Gulbis, B. 2011. ENERCA clinical recommendations for disease management and prevention of complications of sickle cell disease in children. Am.J.Hematol., 86, (1) 72-75 available from: PM:20981677 Drasar, E., Igbineweka, N., Vasavda, N., Free, M., Awogbade, M., Allman, M., Mijovic, A., Thein, S.L. 2011. Blood transfusion usage among adults with sickle cell disease a single institution experience over ten years. Br.J.Haematol., 152, (6) 766-770 available from: PM:21275951 Glassberg, J. 2011. Evidence-based management of sickle cell disease in the emergency department. Emerg.Med.Pract., 13, (8) 1-20 available from: PM:22164362 Gravitz, L. Pincock, S. 2014. Sickle-cell disease. Nature, 515, (7526) S1 available from: PM:25390134 Kwiatkowski, D.P. 2005. How malaria has affected the human genome and what human genetics can teach us about malaria. Am.J.Hum.Genet ., 77, (2) 171-192 available from: PM:16001361 Maheshwari, S., Kassim, A., Yeh, R.F., Domm, J., Calder, C., Evans, M., Manes, B., Bruce, K., Brown, V., Ho, R., Frangoul, H., Yang, E. 2014. Targeted Busulfan therapy with a steady-state concentration of 600-700 ng/mL in patients with sickle cell disease receiving HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant., 49, (3) 366-369 available from: PM:24317124 NICE Clinical Guideline 62 Antenatal Care. Guideline CG62, published March 2008, revised February 2014. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg62 NICE quality standard 58: Sickle cell acute painful episode, Guidelines CG143, publication date June 2012, reviewed May 2014. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg143 Odame, I. 2014. Perspective: we need a global solution. Nature, 515, (7526) S10 available from: PM:25390135 Olowoyeye, A. Okwundu, C.I. 2014. Gene therapy for sickle cell disease. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev., 10, CD007652 available from: PM :25300171 Oniyangi, O. Omari, A.A. 2006. Malaria chemoprophylaxis in sickle cell disease. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. (4) CD003489 available from: PM:17054173 Rang, Dale, Ritter 1999. Pharmacology, 4th ed. Churchill Livingstone. Stevens Lowe 2002. Pathology, 2nd ed. London, Mosby.

Perceptions Of The British And Indian War - 860 Words

Perceptions of Britain Many events happened during the period of time between 1763-1775, that changed Americans mindset from then until now. Certain people and certain events during this time frame affected the nation of the United States enormously. This time period changed the United States for better and for worse. Certain people like Thomas Paine and Samuel Adams, tenaciously tried to change the course of history; haven wars, such as the French and Indian war altered the perception of the American people. These events and people were some of the many facilitated with the defiance against the British. This essay will show how these altercations turned the People of the newly formed Americas against the British. During the time of 1763-1775 one of the occurrences that happened to affect the colonist’s perception of the British was the French and Indian War. The amazing thing is that the war itself was not the main factor of the colonist’s trouble with the British, but the time after the war that was the cause of trouble. During the war the British fought with France around the Ohio valley for the control of land. The Ohio valley was very important to both of the empires, because of the value of the land and the strategic point it held in the years to come. Although both had their struggles especially with the Native Americans that called this place their home. Most of the Native Americans sided with either the British or the French, because they thought that if they hadShow MoreRelatedThe French And Indian War877 Words   |  4 Pageshistory; wars, such as the French and Indian war altered the perception of the American people. These events and people were some of the many tha t facilitated the colonists’ defiance against the British. Altercations they encountered turned the people of the newly formed Americas against the British aiding in their quest for independence. During the time of 1763-1775, one of the occurrences that happened to affect the colonists’ perception of the British was the French and Indian War. The war itselfRead MoreThe Causes And Effect Of The French And Indian War1146 Words   |  5 Pages 7 Years of War â€Å"French and Indian war† What were the causes and effect of the war? Ana Rodriguez 6th period 03/10/15 What were the causes and effect of the French and Indian war? â€Å"The last and most destructive of the four Anglo-French Colonial wars, was the French and Indian war.† Took place on 1754-1763, and together with its European counterpart, the seven years war. Start with England declaring war on France, and ending with the Treaty ofRead MoreThe Philosophy of the American Settlers Westward Expansion Leads to Expulsion of the Native Americans1197 Words   |  5 Pageswould remove Indians. 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For a long time, the British had left the colony to run itself and given the freedom, the North American settlers turned to unique forms of government to match their developing new identity as Americans. They did this by establishing representative legislatures, observing the set rights and freedoms ad holding democratic meetings, all of which gave the settlers a sense of a new identity. When the British lost in the French and Indian war, they turned their attention to AmericaRead MoreLove Marriage vs Arranged Marriage!635 Words   |  3 Pageschanging the perception of the Indian mind. Love marriage is supposed to provide freedom and more independence as compared to arranged marriages where the girl/boy is chosen by the parents. The usual question of love marriage voters against arranged one is that how can anyone marry the person whom they don’t know? Amid popular love lore like Soni Mahiwal, India always had a long tradition of arranged marriages. With the advent of the British and the subsequent introduction of British education systemRead MoreImpact of the First World War in Africa: The Development of the Continent1289 Words   |  5 PagesThe First World War marked a crucial moment in the history of the world through its developments and its consequences. It was not only the first conflagration that affected the world at a global level but also it represented a series of events that influenced countries and territories that were initially outside the immediate source of war. One of these regions was the African continent that was, until the end of the first world conflagration, a mix of colonies and territories belonging to European

Burning Bright Free Essays

Is It Love? â€Å"Burning Bright† is a story about an older woman marrying a man young enough to be her son. Marcie is almost sixty. When her husband Arthur died and the local help fell away, she endured incredible loneliness at the end of a five-mile dirt track until the church recommended a handyman, Carl, who could help out on the farm. We will write a custom essay sample on Burning Bright or any similar topic only for you Order Now This silent man from nowhere marries Marcie, but remains mysterious. In the twenty-first century, seeing an older women and a young man is common. For most people though, the question is if the couple is truly in love. Many older women and men have large sums of money which could be given to their younger spouse if they die. In Rosh Rash’s â€Å"Burning Bright,† Marcie is much older than Carl, and there is a huge disconnect in their relationship because of age. The first question that has to be answered is if Marcie’s marriage with Carl is a believable love story. I think that it is not really a true love story. There is a part in the story where Carl and Marcie are talking about why he has not been married, and Carl tells Marcie that she is not too old for him(Rash 7). Farther on in the story, when Marcie and Carl got together, they did not have the typical fairytale love story meeting. Carl met Marcie because of the preacher giving him some much needed work. He got laid off from his carpentry Job. Marcie dated Carl Just because she became lonely. Later, they are at dinner, and Marcie thought that their conversation would get more comfortable. When she tries to talk to him about the fire, Carl is very short with her on words and tries to make the conversation short. He did not like to be around her, so he would sit outside and attend to himself. When they go to bed, they show love to each other, but it is the same thing every day. It is basically a routine for them. One of the examples that they use for their routine would be when Marcie says, â€Å"But at night as she readied herself for bed, he’d always come in. Theyd lie down together and he’d turn to kiss her good night, always on the mouth. Three, four nights a week that kiss would linger and then quilts and sheets would be pulled back (Rash). † I found this particularly interesting at the end of the story when Marcie chooses to pray for rain. She is praying for Carl to stop burning items. She also praying for her quality of life back, something Carl could give her. Marcie mentions she thought the longer they were together, the more he would talk, but it is not so. I think that their marriage will probably not last as long as they want it too, but as long as their both trying to work things out together, as of getting Carl to talk they relationship should be great. Now days, couples Just like Marcie and Carl. Some relationships are different than Marcie and Carl’s relationship. What are some thoughts about the relationships in the world today that’s Just like Marcie and Carl? How to cite Burning Bright, Papers

The artfulness of courtship as displayed in three pieces of pre

The artfulness of courtship as displayed in three pieces of pre-twentieth century literature and Trainspotting Essay The definition of courtship is, to courtship with a view to marriage. Verb to court, attention paid to a person whose favourite love or interest is sought. Convention means how things are normally done. In my essay I am going to discuss and analyse three pieces of pre-twentieth literature and look at the way in which they portray the conventions and awareness of courtship. I will be discussing Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin 1775-1817 which was published in 1813, two sonnets, one written by Drayton and the other Shakespeare. The third is from the novel Trainspotting written by Irvine Welsh The first example of courtship I am going to look at is the novel Pride and Prejudice, which is about a family The Bennets who have 5 daughters and wish for them to get married to rich wealthy men. In the 18th Century marriage was an institution for the rich. Poor people did not really marry as there was no social advantage, before common law relationships were usual amongst the lower classes. It was not until the 19th Century that marriage became a more widespread practice. We will write a custom essay on The artfulness of courtship as displayed in three pieces of pre-twentieth century literature and Trainspotting specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However marriage had always been important for the wealthy because marriage was a contract between powerful families, and could ensure the future of their economic survival. Austens novels are a critique of the unequal role of women in society and also of the institution of marriage as a monetary contract. Love was not an important factor in wealthy marriages. If you courted someone it meant that you had serious intentions of marriage and there was a whole etiquette involved for example asking the father for permission to court his daughter. In Pride and Prejudice there are two proposals which take place, one between Elizabeth and Mr Collins, and another between Elizabeth once again and Mr Darcy. These both show ways in which they follow and break convention. First to take place is the courtship between Elizabeth and Mr Collins Mr Bennets cousin a clergyman who is expected from both his boss and social status, to have a dutiful wife. Mr Collins shows his awareness of courtship by trying to show that he knows all about the female response, and her reactions to the offer of marriage, That it is usual with young ladies to reject the addresses of the man whom they secretly mean to accept When Collins asked Elizabeth for her hand in marriage, she declines and Mr Collins was eager to court her, so he goes on about his reason for marriage hoping that she then would then accept his generous offer. He shows his acute awareness of convention when stating these reasons for marriage, I am to inherit this estate after death of your honoured father, who however, many live many years longer, I could not satisfy myself without resolving to chuse a wife among his daughters Mr Collins Follows convention when he seeks Mrs Bennets for her daughters hand whom Collins knew was eager to let one of her daughters marry him. He did this maybe because he knew Mr Bennet might have declined his request, but by doing this he does break convention. The second offer of marriage from Mr Darcy breaks convention in several ways. Darcy first breaks convention by not asking for permission from any of the parents, not even the mother. This is probably because he is very big headed and thinks he is too important to request permission from the lowly Mr Bennet. He also puts her down and makes her feel less important, His sense of her inferiority- of its being a degradation- of the family obstacles which judgement had always opposed to inclination were dwelt on with a warmth which seemed due to the consequence he was wounding, but was very unlikely to recommend his suit While they are very different, both proposals have something in common. Both Mr Darcy and Mr Collins expect Elizabeth to jump at the opportunity of marriage and accept although in both cases she declined. This is due to the fact that Elizabeth is one of the daughters that did not wish to marry for wealth and a certain future but for love. .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344 , .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344 .postImageUrl , .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344 , .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344:hover , .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344:visited , .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344:active { border:0!important; } .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344:active , .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344 .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4c66361691bd3c3eaf17d052d99a4344:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Literary Analysis of Masque of the Red Death EssayHE is conventional in that he tells her his true feelings, My feelings will not be repressed. You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you The two Sonnets I will be comparing both are Shakespearean sonnets, and both follow the convention of the sonnet form; 14 lines, rhyming scheme ABABABCC, rhyming couplet, 10 syllables, grouped in sets of four, which are called quatrains. The traditional theme of the sonnet is love and romance. The convention of a sonnet form of poetry is traditionally used for courtship written by the man to the woman, usually only written by the upper class. The petrarchan sonnet uses elaborate similes and comparisons, usually to describe a lady as being more beautiful than nature, and uses a lot of hyperbole. The first sonnet I will look at is one written by Drayton, This sonnet is about his mistress and how she will spend no longer than the day with him, and sends him away at night. Drayton because of this blames night for his problems and expresses three arguments to his mistress. The first argument he addresses is that night is the time for love. He thinks this because when love is made it is usually done at night, Me thinks this time becommeth lovers best; Night was ordained together friends to keepe. Drayton then presents his second argument that it is conventional for everyone to spend time together at night, and that it is so natural even animals do so. The quiet evening yet together brings, and each returns unto his love at night Drayton uses dramatic hyperbole here, as this statement is not necessarily true. He only does so to try to convince his mistress that it is conventional, and that it is strange not to get together than actually being together. Drayton then presents his third argument, which is that he blames night for his troubles, for not being able to get together with his lady. O thou that art so curteous unto all, why shouldst thou, Night, abuse me only thus, that every creature to his kind doost call, and yet tis thou doost onely sever us? In this extract the night is being personified. Even though throughout the sonnet the man is complaining to both the nigh and his mistress, he still writes to show her how much he loves her and would like to be with her, day or night. Well could I wish it would be ever day, If when night comes, you bid me go away. He shows his love by saying in the extract above that even though you bid send me away at night, if I could then I might as well make it day all day, so I could still spend more time with my love. The second sonnet I will look at is one written by Shakespeare, it is conventional in the form of a sonnet although it mocks, parodies or inverts the traditional Petrerchan sonnet form. Shakespeare still chooses to compare his mistress to nature although he does not use hyperbole; in fact he chooses to insult the mistress using the comparison of nature. My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun, coral is far more red than her lips red. If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. Shakespeare fulfils the convention of the sonnet to the end of his sonnet in that he expresses his genuine love for his lady, mistress, and object of desire. He is more honest in the declaration of his love. I think my love is rare as any she belied with false compare He critiques those poets who use sickly sweet comparisons of love to all sorts of impossible things. .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36 , .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36 .postImageUrl , .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36 , .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36:hover , .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36:visited , .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36:active { border:0!important; } .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36:active , .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36 .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua5d475b1819f455bd9fa73be8b050e36:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Process of writing an EssayHe loves his mistress just the way she is, and doesnt compare her falsely to things in nature. The Third and final piece I will be looking at is Trainspotting. This scene takes place in an Edinburgh nightclub, where a guy called Renton comes off heroin and re- discovers his sex drive. In the nightclub he sees a young lady and it is love at first sight. This young lady is called Diane although Renton does not know how young Diane actually is. Renton follows several courtship conventions in this piece. He starts off by using an original/unique chat up line to engage Dianes interest by complimenting her on the way she handled the unwelcome advances of a man in the club, I was very impressed by the capable and stylish manner in which you dealt with that situation. I thought to myself: shes special Both Renton and Diane knowingly play with courtship convention, particularly the delivery and response to the chat up line. Do you find this approach normally works and dont us girls just love that. They both use this to their advantage to reach their goal, in this case getting together for sexual intercourse.

Math Homework Help For You Without Delay

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Biography of Thomas Cole, American Landscape Painter

Biography of Thomas Cole, American Landscape Painter Thomas Cole was the British-born artist who became known for his paintings of American landscapes. He is considered the founder of the Hudson River School of painting, and his influence on other 19th century American painters was profound. Cole’s paintings, and paintings by those he taught, are known to have influenced attitudes toward American expansionism during the 19th century. The glorification of the land and the panoramic views encouraged optimism toward settling the vast lands of the West. Cole, however, had a pessimistic streak which is sometimes indicated in his paintings. Fast Facts: Thomas Cole Known For: Founder of Hudson River School of painters, admired for his majestic landscapes of distinctly American sceneryMovement: Hudson River School (American romantic landscape painting)Born: Bolton-le-Moors, Lancaster, England, 1801Died: February 11, 1848 in Catskill, New YorkParents: Mary and James ColeSpouse: Maria Bartow Early Life and Career Thomas Cole was born in Bolton-le-Moors, Lancaster, England, in 1801. He studied engraving briefly in England before emigrating to America with his family in 1818. The family arrived in Philadelphia and resettled in Steubenville, Ohio, where Coles father established a wallpaper engraving business. After becoming frustrated working in the family business, Cole taught art in a school for a brief period. He also received some painting instruction from a traveling artist, and tried striking out on his own as an itinerant portrait painter. Portrait of Thomas Cole, American painter. Smithsonian Institution / Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain Cole realized he needed to be in a city with many potential patrons, and returned to Philadelphia, where he painted portraits and also found work decorating ceramics. He took classes at the Philadelphia Academy and, in 1824, had his first exhibition, which was held at the school. In 1825 Cole moved to New York City, where he began to focus on romantic landscapes, the beautifully lit panoramas that would become his enduring style. After taking a trip up the Hudson River, he painted three landscapes, which were displayed in the window of a Manhattan art store. One of the paintings was purchased by artist John Trumbull, who was widely known for his paintings of the American Revolution. Trumbull recommended that two of his artist friends, William Dunlap and Asher B. Durand, purchase the other two. Trumbull appreciated that Cole had been inspired by the wildness of American scenery, which other artists had seemed to ignore. On Trumbulls recommendation, Cole was welcomed into New York Citys cultural world, where he became acquainted with luminaries such as poet and editor William Cullen Bryant and author James Fenimore Cooper. Travels and Inspiration The success of Cole’s early landscapes established him so he could devote himself to painting full-time. He began to travel in the mountains of New York State and New England after purchasing a house in Catskill, New York. Photograph of Catskill Mountain House, a painting by American landscape artist Thomas Cole. Francis G. Mayer  / Getty Images In 1829 Cole sailed to England on a trip financed by a wealthy patron. He made what was known as the Grand Tour, visiting Paris, and then Italy. He stayed for weeks in Florence before going on to Rome, hiking much of the way. He eventually returned to New York City in 1832, having seen major works of art in Europe and having sketched scenery that would be used as material for landscapes. In 1836 Cole married Maria Barton, whose family lived in Catskill. He settled into a fairly comfortable life as a successful artist. The self-made gentry of the region admired his work and purchased his paintings. Major Works A patron commissioned Cole to paint five panels which would be known as The Course of Empires. The series of canvases essentially predicted what would become known as Manifest Destiny. The images depict an allegorical empire, and proceed from Savage State to Arcadian or Pastoral State. The empire reaches its zenith with the third painting, The Consummation of Empire, and then descends to the fourth painting, Destruction. The series ends with the fifth painting, titled Desolation. Thomas Coles The Course of Empire - Consummation, 1836, oil on canvas, 51 Ãâ€" 76 in, New York Historical Society.   Fine Art / Getty Images During the 1830s, as Cole was painting his Course of Empires series, he was harboring gravely pessimistic thoughts about America, lamenting in his journal that he feared the end of democracy. One of his major paintings, dating from 1836, is titled View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm - The Oxbow. In the painting, a pastoral area is shown along with a portion of untamed wilderness. On close examination, the artist himself can be found in the middle foreground, on a promontory, painting the Oxbow, a bend in the river. In his own painting, Cole looks out over the tamed and orderly land, yet he is located in the wild land which is still darkened from the passing storm. He shows himself in communion with untamed American land, perhaps purposely keeping a distance from the land which has been transformed by human society. View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, After a Thunderstorm The Oxbow.   Getty Images Legacy Interpretations of Coles work have varied over time. On the surface, his works are generally appreciated for their majestic scenes and striking use of light. Yet there are often darker elements present, and many paintings have dark areas which seem to raise questions about the artists intent. Coles paintings show a profound reverence for nature, which can appear idyllic or wild and violent within the boundaries of the same canvas. While still a very active artist, Cole became ill with pleurisy. He died on February 11, 1848. His influence on other American painters was profound. Sources Thomas Cole. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 4, Gale, 2004, pp. 151-152. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Hudson River School of Painting. American Eras, vol. 5: The Reform Era and Eastern U. S. Development, 1815-1850, Gale, 1997, pp. 38-40. Gale Virtual Reference Library.The Hudson River School and Western Expansion. American Eras, vol. 6: Westward Expansion, 1800-1860, Gale, 1997, pp. 53-54. Gale Virtual Reference Library.